Round Spermatid Injection

Round spermatid injection (ROSI) is a technique of assisted in-vitro fertilization (IVF). ROSI technique involves the injection of haploid germ cells that have completed meiosis derived from testicular biopsies into the recipient oocytes. In some infertile men (i.e., those with azoospermia), round spermatids are the most mature cells visible during testicular biopsy. Currently, human ROSI is considered a very inefficient procedure and of no clinical value. Despite the limitations of ROSI and diminished clinical success rates, the use of round spermatids for fertilization is still considered useful as a treatment modality for men with azoospermia, and attempts at optimization of the technique are still ongoing.

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Stem Cell Therapy

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) therapy is a cutting-edge approach for treating male infertility. In this approach, sperm stem cells are collected via a testicular biopsy,

Gradient or Swim up

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), where a small volume of concentrated, motile sperm cells are injected directly into the woman’s uterus, is often one of the first

CFTR mutations

In the male reproductive system, the vas deferens act as a canal transports the sperm towards the penis during ejaculation.  Congenital Bilateral Absence of the

Cryptorchidism

The testes begin to develop around the fifth week of pregnancy, and by birth have undergone a process known as testicular descent, where they move

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