Cryptorchidism is characterized by the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum, i.e. improper descent of one or both testicles into the scrotum, occurring in < 30% premature and 3-4% term males. Descent may complete postnatally in the first year. Depending on the class of cryptorchidism there are a number of different surgical repair techniques including orthoplasty or penile straightening, urethroplasty, meatoplasty and glanuloplasty, scrotoplasty (oscheoplasty) and skin coverage.
