Open surgery using a microscope and subinguinal approach (microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy) has the highest success rates when compared with other surgical methods. Advances in varicocele repair have led to a reduction of post-surgical complications. One advance is the use of the surgical microscope, which enables the surgeon to see the treatment area better during surgery. Another is the use of Doppler ultrasound, which helps guide the procedure. A patient could return to normal, nonstrenuous activities after two days, and return to more strenuous activity, such as exercising, after two weeks. Pain from this surgery generally is mild but might continue for several days or weeks.
